浙江财经大学-681综合英语【2013】考研真题
2023-06-21
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2013 年攻读浙江财经学院硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
科目代码：681 科目名称：综合英语
答案请写在答题纸上
PART I READING COMPREHENSION (50 MIN, 50points)
In this section there are five reading passages followed by a total of 25
multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and finish the multiple choices.
Text A
In recent years, there has been a steady assault on salt from the doctors:
Salt is bad for you—regardless of your health. Politicians also got on board.
“There is a direct relationship,” US congressman Neal Smith noted, “between
the amount of sodium a person consumes and heart disease, circulatory
disorders, stroke and even early death.”
Frightening, if true! But many doctors and medical researchers are now
beginning to feel the salt scare has gone too far. “All this hue and cry about
eating salt is unnecessary,” Dr. Dustan insists. “For most of us it probably
doesn’t make much difference how much salt we eat.” Dustan’s most recent
short-term study of 150 people showed that those with normal blood pressure
underwent no change at all when placed on an extremely low-salt diet, or later
when salt was reintroduced. Of the hypertensive subjects, however, half of those
on the low-salt diet did experience a drop in blood pressure, which returned to
its previous level when salt was reintroduced.
“An adequate to somewhat excessive salt intake has probably saved many
mote lives than it has cost in the general population,” notes Dr. John H. Laragh.
“So a recommendation that the whole population should avoid salt makes no
sense.”
Medical experts agree that everyone should practice reasonable
“moderation” in salt consumption. For an average person, a moderate amount
might run from four to ten grams a day, or roughly 1/2 to 1/3 of a teaspoon. The
equivalent of one to two grams of this salt allowance would come from the
natural sodium in food. The rest would be added in processing, preparation or at
the table.
Those with kidney, liver or heart problems may have to limit dietary salt,
if their doctor advises. But even the very vocal “low salt” exponent, Dr. Arthur
Hull Hayes, Jr. admits that “We do not know whether increased sodium
consumption causes hypertension.” In fact, there is increasing scientific
evidence that other factors may be involved: deficiencies in calcium, potassium,
perhaps magnesium; obesity (much more dangerous than sodium); genetic
predisposition; stress.
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“It is not your enemy,” says Dr. Laragh, “Salt is the No. 1 natural
component of all human tissue, and the idea that you don’t need it is wrong.
Unless your doctor has proven that you have a salt-related health problem, there
is no reason to give it up. “
1. According to some doctors and politicians, the amount of salt consumed
A. exhibits as an aggravating factor to people in poor health
B. cures diseases such as stroke and circulatory disorders
C. correlates highly with some diseases
D. is irrelevant to people suffering from heart disease
2. From Dr. Dustan’s study we can infer that _____.
A. a low-salt diet may be prescribed for some people
B. the amount of salt intake has nothing to do with one’s blood pressure
C. the reduction of salt intake can cure a hypertensive patient
D. an extremely low-salt diet makes no difference to anyone
3. In the third paragraph, Dr. Laragh implies that ______.
A. people should not be afraid of taking excessive salt
B. doctors should not advise people to avoid salt
C. an adequate to excessive salt intake is recommended for people in disease
D. excessive salt intake has claimed some victims in the general population
4. The phrase “vocal... exponent” ( Line 2, Para. 5 ) most probably refers to
A. eloquent doctor
B. articulate opponent
C. loud speaker
D. strong advocate
5. What is the main message of this text?
A. That the salt scare is not justified.
B. That the origin of hypertension is now found.
C. That the moderate use of salt is recommended.
D. That salt consumption is to be promoted.
Text B
The debate over spanking goes back many years, but the essential question
often escapes discussion: Does spanking actually work? In the short term, yes.
You can correct immediate misbehavior with a slap or two on the rear end or
hand. But what about the long-term impact? Can spanking lead to permanent,
hidden scars on children years later?
On Sept 25, a sociologist from the University of New Hampshire, Murray
Straus, presented a paper at the International Conference on Violence, Abuse
and Trauma in San Diego suggesting that corporal punishment does leave a
long-lasting mark—in the form of lower IQ. Straus, who is 83 and has been
studying corporal punishment since 1969, found that kids who were physically
punished had up to a five-point lower IQ score than kids who weren’t.
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So how might getting spanked on the bottom actually affect the workings of
the brain? Straus notes that being spanked or hit is associated with fright and
stress; kids who experience that kind of trauma have a harder time focusing and
learning. In another recent paper that he co-authored with Paschall, Straus writes
that previous research has found that even after you control for parental
education and occupation, children of parents who use corporal punishment are
less likely than other kids to graduate from college.
Still, it’s not clear if spanking causes lower cognitive ability or if lower
cognitive ability might somehow lead to more spanking. It’s quite possible that
kids with poor reasoning skills misbehave more often and therefore bring
harsher punishment. “It could be that lower IQ causes parents to get very
annoyed and hit more,” Straus says, although he notes that a recent Duke
University study of low-income families found that toddlers’ low mental ability
did not predict an increase in spanking. (The study did find, however, that kids
who were spanked at age 1 displayed more aggressive behavior by age 2 and
scored lower on cognitive development tests by age 3.)
“I believe the relationship between corporal punishment and IQ is probably
bidirectional,” says Straus. “There has to be something the kid is doing that’s
wrong that leads to corporal punishment. The problem is, when the parent does
that, it seems to have counterproductive results to cognitive ability in the long
term.”
The preponderance of evidence points away from corporal punishment,
which the European Union and the UN have recommended against, but the data
suggest that most parents, especially those in the U.S., still spank their kids. It’s
most common among African-American families, Southern families, parents
who were spanked as children themselves and those who identify themselves as
conservative Christians.
Sometimes spanking seems like the only way to get through to an unruly
toddler. But the price for fixing his poor short-term conduct might be an even
more troublesome outcome in the future.
6. What should be discussed on spanking according to the author?
A. Which part of body should be hit.
B. What potential side effects it has.
C. Whether parents have rights to spank.
D. How to prevent injury when spanking.
7. According to Murray Straus, what’s the influence of spanking on kids in the
long run?
A. It helps correct kids’ bad behaviors for good.
B. Kids spanked are more likely to commit a crime.
C. It leaves permanent physical scars on kids.
D. Kids spanked are not as smart as those not.
8. What can we infer from the third paragraph?
摘要：
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第1页共18页2013年攻读浙江财经学院硕士学位研究生入学考试试题科目代码：681科目名称：综合英语答案请写在答题纸上PARTIREADINGCOMPREHENSION(50MIN,50points)Inthissectiontherearefivereadingpassagesfollowedbyatotalof25multiple-choicequestions.Readthepassagesandfinishthemultiplechoices.TextAInrecentyears,therehasbeenasteadyassaultonsaltfromthedoctors:Saltis...
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