2019年考研英语一真题及答案
2023-06-28
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2019 考 研 英 语 （一 ） 真 题 及 答 案解 析
Section ⅠUse of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and
mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation
apps are available on our smart phones. 1of us just walk straight into the woods
without a phone. But phones 2on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we
realize. 3you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you 4can’t find north, a
few tricks to help you navigate 5to civilization, one of which is to follow the land...
When you find yourself well 6a trail, but not in a completely 7area, you have
to answer two questions: Which 8is downhill, in this particular area? And where is
the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of
fresh water. 9, if you head downhill, and follow any H2O you find, you
should 10 see signs of people.
If you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights—you may
be 11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.
Another 12 : Climb high and look for signs of human habitation. 13 , even in
dense forest, you should be able to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks,
and other paths people carve 15 the woods. Head toward these 16 to find a way
out. At night, scan the horizon for 17 light sources, such as fires and streetlights,
then walk toward the glow of light pollution.
18 , assuming you’re lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for
the 19 we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features
can 20 you to civilization.
1. [A]Some [B]Most [C]Few [D]All
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2. [A]put[B]take[C]run [D]come
3. [A]Since [B] If [C] Though [D]Until
4. [A]formally [B] relatively [C] gradually [D] literally
5. [A] back [B] next [C] around [D] away
6. [A]onto [B]off[C]across [D]alone
7. [A]unattractive[B] uncrowded [C]unchanged [D]unfamiliar
8. [A] site[B]point [C]way [D]place
9. [A] So [B] Yet [C]Instead [D]Besides
10. [A]immediately [B] intentionally [C]unexpectedly [D] eventually
11. [A]surprised [B]annoyed [C]frightened [D]confused
12. [A] problem [B]option [C]view [D]result
13. [A] Above all [B]In contrast [C] On average [D] For example
14. [A]bridge [B]avoid [C]spot [D]separate
15. [A] from [B] through [C]beyond [D] under
16. [A] posts [B]links [C]shades [D]breaks
17. [A] artificial [B] mysterious [C] hidden [D] limited
18. [A] Finally [B] Consequently [C] incidentally [D] Generally
19. [A] memories [B] marks [C] notes [D] belongings
20. [A] restrict [B] adopt [C] lead [D] expose
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing
A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
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Text 1
Financial regulations in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses
of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be
delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main
purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking
and to restore public trust in financial institution. Yet officials also hope for a much
larger benefit: more long term decision-making not only by banks but also bu all
corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations.
“Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded
companies, says the Bank of England’s top economist. Andrew Haldane. He quotes a
giant of classical economies, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience
as acting like “Children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once”
rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.
The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he
notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient
investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firm’s
efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been
dubbed “quarterly capitalism”.
In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities,
quicker use of information, and thus shortens attention spans in financial markers.
“There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term
investing,” said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange
Commission in speech this week.
In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to
defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping
reduce “short-termism.” In its latest survey of CEO pay, The Wall Street Journal finds
that “ a substantial part” of executive pay is now tied to performance.
Much more could be done to encourage “long-termism,” such as changes in the
tax code and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who
hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more
voting rights in a company.
Within companies, the right compensation design can provide incentives for
executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all
stakeholders. Britain’s new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in
their performance, not just for the short term but for the long term.
21. According to Paragraph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule is the_________.
A. enhance banker’s sense of responsibility
B. help corporations achieve larger profits
C. build a new system of financial regulation
摘要：
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-1-2019考研英语（一）真题及答案解析SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)TodayweliveinaworldwhereGPSsystems,digitalmaps,andothernavigationappsareavailableonoursmartphones.1ofusjustwalkstraightintothewoodswithoutaphone....
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