2018年考研英语一真题及答案
2023-06-28
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Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark
A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it's a necessary condition 1 many
worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your 2, in the
wrong place often carries a high 3.
4, why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. 5 people place their trust in an
individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that 6 pleasurable
feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to 7 with one another.
Scientists have found that exposure 8 this hormone puts us in a trusting 9: In a Swiss
study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects
were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their 10
who inhaled something else.
11 for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us. A Canadian
study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate 13 a credible person
and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tester holding a plastic
container. The tester would ask, “What’s in here?” before looking into the container,
smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look 15. Half of them
found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty-and realized the tester had 17
them.
Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with
the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. 19, only
five of the 30 children paired with the “20”tester participated in a follow-up activity.
1. [A] on [B] like [C] for [D] from
2. [A] faith [B] concern [C] attention [D] interest
3. [A] benefit [B] debt [C] hope [D] price
4. [A] Therefore [B] Then [C] Instead [D] Again
5. [A]Until [B] Unless [C] Although [D] When
6. [A] selects [B] produces [C] applies [D] maintains
7. [A] consult [B] compete [C] connect [D] compare
8. [A] at [B] by [C]of [D]to
9. [A] context [B] mood [C] period [D] circle
10.[A] counterparts [B] substitutes [C] colleagues [D]supporters
11.[A] Funny [B] Lucky [C] Odd [D] Ironic
12.[A] monitor [B] protect [C] surprise [D] delight
13.[A] between [B] within [C] toward [D] over
14.[A] transferred [B] added [C] introduced [D] entrusted
15.[A] out [B] back [C] around [D] inside
16.[A] discovered [B] proved [C] insisted [D] .remembered
17.[A] betrayed [B]wronged [C] fooled [D] mocked
2018年考研英语一真题及答案
18.[A] forced [B] willing [C] hesitant [D] entitled
19.[A] In contrast [B] As a result [C] On the whole [D] For instance
20.[A] inflexible [B] incapable [C] unreliable [D] unsuitable
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,
C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go
unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for
their jobs?
Don't dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being
automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class
disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don't appeal
to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software
engineering — have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they
will be fine.
This isn't to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited
workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs
were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and
created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost
productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring
work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.
The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second
Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums —from
grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on
creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of
fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online
education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction
affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going
into debt.
The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its
fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous
eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming
up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality
haven't been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.
Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and
labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor
need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be
expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation,
and reduce inequality.
Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet
this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation.
Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help
workers adapt will be indispensable.
21.Who will be most threatened by automation?
[A] Leading politicians.
[B]Low-wage laborers.
[C]Robot owners.
[D]Middle-class workers.
22 .Which of the following best represent the author’s view?
[A] Worries about automation are in fact groundless.
[B]Optimists' opinions on new tech find little support.
[C]Issues arising from automation need to be tackled
[D]Negative consequences of new tech can be avoided
23.Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis on
[A] creative potential.
[B]job-hunting skills.
[C]individual needs.
[D]cooperative spirit.
24.The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at
[A] encouraging the development of automation.
[B]increasing the return on capital investment.
[C]easing the hostility between rich and poor.
[D]preventing the income gap from widening.
25.In this text, the author presents a problem with
[A] opposing views on it.
[B]possible solutions to it.
[C]its alarming impacts.
[D]its major variations.
Text 2
A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans
disapprove of President Trump’s use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer
news from the White House to be filtered through other source, Not a president’s social
media platform.
Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has
risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a
trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web
content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news,
according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found
44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.
Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating
fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people
between ages 14and24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. They
cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives—especially those that
are open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great deal of personal
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SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Trustisatrickybusiness.Ontheonehand,it'sanecessarycondition1manyworthwhilethings:childcare,friendships,etc.Ontheotherhand,puttingyour2,inthewrongplaceoftencarrie...
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