2015年考研英语一真题及答案
2023-06-28
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Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and
mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins,
sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of
California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
has__(2)_.
The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which
__(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used
in both_(5)_.
While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor
of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth
cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”
The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends
but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult
to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments
but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that
_(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship” of
being friends with_(14)_!
One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be
evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution
picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a
major_(17)_factor.
The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of
similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn
from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects,
friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.
1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what
【答案】[D] what
【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。根据句子结构和选项的特点，可以判断出空格处应填
从属连词引导从句;再根据句子的内容，可以看出该从句是一项研究的相关内容(what)，不
是指研究的时间(when)， 原因(why)和方式(how)，因此，该题的答案为 what。
2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised
2015年考研英语一真题及答案
【答案】[B] concluded
【解析】从此题所在的句子的前后内容可以判断出，that is_______ 中的 that 是指第
一句话的内容(朋友与我们基因上的相关性)，很显然是研究得出的结论。因此，答案为
concluded。
3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by
【答案】[C] on
【解析】根据空格所在句子的内容(研究对 1932 分独特的受试者进行分析)判断出进行
分析的对象是 1932 unique subjects。conduct analysis on…是固定表达。
4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected
【答案】[A] compared
【解析】该空格所在的句子是 which 引导的定语从句修饰 study,意思是：对几对基因
不相关的朋友和陌生人进行_______。因为“研究”的内容是关于朋友间基因上的相关性问
题，所以完整的意思应该是：对几对基因不相关的朋友和陌生人进行比较。所以最佳答案为
compared。
5. [A] tests [B] objects [C]samples [D] examples
【答案】[C] samples
【解析】根据空格的前后内容判断，到第五个空为止，文章都在讲实验过程，和实验对
象，第五个空格所在句子的内容是：相同的人们都用于实验中的这两类______。所以根据上
下文语境和内容，应该选与实验对象相对应的 samples(样例).因此，答案是 samples。
6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible
【答案】[A] insignificant
【解析】空的语境为：尽管这 1%看起来似乎____，但是遗传学家可不这么认为。空前
后形成对比转折的逻辑关系，而从后文列举的例子中可知遗传学家 James Fowler 对这 1%基
因的态度是肯定的，故答案为 A。
7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know
【答案】[D] know
【解析】空的语境为：大多数人甚至不____他们隔三代的表亲，但却设法选择那些____
我们亲戚的人作为朋友。填入的词必须满足前后句之间的转折逻辑关系，四个选项带入，只
有 D 选项符合上下文语义。
8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass
【答案】[A] resemble
【解析】空的语境为：大多数人甚至不认识他们隔三代的表亲，但却设法选择那些____
我们亲戚的人作为朋友。根据全文中心：基因上的相似性，可知本题选择 A。
9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus
【答案】[B] also
【解析】空所在的句子开头用“The study…”,显然这是对上文话题的继续阐述，前文
指出研究发现朋友与我们有 1%的基因关系，而空所在句“the genes for smell were
something shared in friends”在进一步详细讨论该话题，前后之间是顺接关系，故答案
为 B。
10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps
【答案】[D] Perhaps
【解析】从选项和文字中句子结构可以判断，空格处要求填入一个能够体现前后两个句
子逻辑关系的副词，空前的句子谈到“为什么在嗅觉基因方面存在相似性还很难解释”，空
后却紧接着对此得出一个相关结论，很明显是矛盾的，所以此结论只能是一种不确定的推测，
故答案为 D。
11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like
【答案】[B] to
【解析】该题为介词选择题。后半句出现比较级，可见是和前文形成比较关系，因此和
上半句介词保持一致，用介词 to。该句翻译：它(这种相似性)吸引我们到相同的环境，并
且使我们更为相似。因此答案为 to。
12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit
【答案】[A] drive
【解析】该句意思为：很多机制共同作用，从而_____我们选择基因相似的朋友，_____
和_____交朋友的“功能关系”。根据上下文可知，此处所填入动词需符合结构_____sb. in
doing sth，B 选项 observe(观察，遵守)和 C 选项 confuse(困惑)均无此用法。符合该结构
只有 A 选项 drive(驱使)和 D 选项 limit(限制)。根据上下文可得知：这些机制驱使我们选
择基因相似的朋友，符合文章主题。如果选限制则为反向干扰。因此答案为 drive。
13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with
【答案】[B] rather than
【解析】所填词为逻辑关系短语，空前说选择基因相似的朋友，空后说具有“实用关系”
的朋友，可知前后为对立关系，并且根据文章主题，可知肯定前者而否定后者，可锁定 B
选项 rather than。A 选项 according to(根据)没有体现出对立及取舍关系，因此排除;C
选项 regardless of(不管)表让步关系，干扰性较强，但文章更强调取前舍后，因此排除;D
选项 along with(伴随)表顺接，故排除。故答案为 rather than。
14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits
【答案】[D] benefits
【解析】根据前文 functional kinship(实用关系)可得出 D 选项 benefits(利益)，前
后形成呼应。A 选项 chances(机会)、B 选项 responses(反应)、C 选项 missions(使命)均不
符合题意。故答案为 benefits。
15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier
摘要：
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SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas“related”asfourthcousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.Thatis_(1)_astudy,publishedfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityinthePro...
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