1986—1995年历年考研英语真题集（不区分英语一二）
2023-11-27
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1995 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section ⅠUse of English
Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and
longer periods of non-REM sleep. 1 kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is 2 to serve
some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 3 . The new experiments,
such as these 4 for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest
fascinating explanations 5 of non-REM sleep.
For example, it has long been known that total sleep 6 is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, 7 _examinations of the
dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A researcher has now
8 the mystery of why the animals die. The rats 9 bacterial infections of the blood, 10 their immune
systems—the self-protecting mechanisrn against disease—had crashed.
1. [A] Either [B] Neither [C] Each [D] Any
2. [A] intended [B] required [C] assumed [D] inferred
3. [A] subtle [B] obvious [C] mysterious [D] doubtful
4. [A] maintained [B] described [C] settled [D] afforded
5. [A] in the light [B] by virtue [C] with the exception [D] for the purpose
6. [A] reduction [B] destruction [C] deprivation [D] restriction
7. [A] upon [B] by [C] through [D] with
8. [A] paid attention to [B] caught sight of [C] laid emphasis on [D] cast light on
9. [A] develop [B] produce [C] stimulate [D] induce
10. [A] if [B] as if [C] only if [D] if only
Section ⅡReading Comprehension
Passage l
Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid
distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to
provide for export at competitive prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of
living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labor, and is therefore an effective way to fight
unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four
times as much, the price of your television licence would need to be doubled, and travel by bus or tube would cost 20
per cent more.
And perhaps most important of all, advertising provides a guarantee of reasonable value in the products and
services you buy. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven Acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular
advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might fool some
people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long, for mercifully the public has the
good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once. If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest
proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it, and that it represents good value.
Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of.
There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a well-known television personality declare
that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions.
Of course advertising seeks to persuade.
If its message were confined merely to information—and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to
achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasive—advertising would be so
boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the well-known television personality wants.
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11. By the first sentence of the passage the author means that__.
[A] he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertising
[B] everybody knows well that advertising is money consuming
[C] advertising costs money like everything else
[D] it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising
12. In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising?
[A] Securing greater fame. [B] Providing more jobs.
[C] Enhancing living standards. [D] Reducing newspaper cost.
13. The author deems that the well-known TV personality is_.
[A] very precise in passing his judgment on advertising
[B] interested in nothing but the buyers' attention
[C] correct in telling the difference between persuasion and information
[D] obviously partial in his views on advertising
14. In the author's opinion,__.
[A] advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing information
[B] advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them over
[C] there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyer
[D] the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement
Passage 2
There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed
personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a
promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language—all these are examples of
people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.
By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a
journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the
attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected
obstacles. In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new
ideas to try, new challenges to accept.
In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown,
and to accept the possibility that they may “fail” at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is
essential to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so, then we tend to take more
chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we're shy and indecisive? Then our sense of
timidity can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think
we’re slow to adapt to change or that we’re not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? Then we are likely to
take a more passive role or not try at all.
These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If
we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts, if we protect ourselves too much, then we cease to
grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making.
15 . A person is generally believed to achieve personal growth when____.
[A] he has given up his smoking habit
[B] he has made great efforts in his work
[C] he is keen on learning anything new
[D] he has tried to determine where he is on his journey
16. In the author’s eyes, one who views personal growth as a process would____.
[A] succeed in climbing up the social ladder
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[B] judge his ability to grow from his own achievements
[C] face difficulties and take up challenges
[D] aim high and reach his goal each time
17. When the author says "a new way of being" (line 3, Para. 3) he is referring to__.
[A] a new approach to experiencing the world [B] a new way of taking risks
[C] a new method of perceiving ourselves [D] a new system of adaptation to change
18. For personal growth, the author advocates all of the following except_____.
[A] curiosity about more chances [B] promptness in self-adaptation
[C] open-mindedness to new experiences [D] avoidance of internal fears and doubts
Passage 3
In such a changing, complex society formerly simple solutions to informational needs become complicated.
Many of life’s problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the
capability of the extended family to resolve. Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert
advice to accept are questions facing many people today.
In addition to this, there is the growing mobility of people since World War Ⅱ. As families move away from
their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of
information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be
trustworthy and reliable. The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be cut
off. Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be
consciously learned.
Adding to societal changes today is an enormous stockpile of information. The individual now has more
information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her
specific problem is complicated, time-consuming and sometimes even overwhelming .
Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage
and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before. Computer
technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files, and to program computers to
locate specific information. Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio,
and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages. Satellites have extended the power
of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence. Expertise can be shared world wide through
teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to
travel to a distant conference site. Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery
of information, thus making more information available to more people.
In this world of change and complexity, the need for information is of greatest importance. Those people who
have accurate, reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business,
social and family life, will survive and succeed. “Knowledge is power” may well be the truest saying and access to
information may be the most critical requirement of all people.
19. The word "it" (line 3, Para. 2) most probably refers to__.
[A] the lack of stable communities [B] the breakdown of informal information channels
[C] the increased mobility of families [D] the growing number of people moving from place to place
20. The main problem people may encounter today arises form the fact that__.
[A] they have to learn new things consciously
[B] they lack the confidence of securing reliable and trustworthy information
[C] they have difficulty obtaining the needed information readily
[D] they can hardly carry out casual communications with an extended family.
标签： #考研英语真题
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