电子科技大学2015年244专业课考研真题
2023-12-27
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电子科技大学
2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：244 英语(二外 仅日语方向)
注：无机读卡，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
Part I Reading Comprehension (40%)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should
decide on the best choice and then write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet
Passage One
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
People in California love to talk about “zero-emissions vehicles,” but people in California seem
to be clueless about where electricity comes from. Power plants most all use fire to make it. Aside
from the few folks who have their roofs covered with solar cells, we get our electricity from
generators. Generators are fueled by something — usually coal, oil, but also by heat generated in
nuclear power plants. There are a few wind farms and geothermal plants as well, but by far we get
electricity mainly by burning something.
In other words, those “zero-emissions” cars are likely coal-burning cars. It's just the coal is
burned somewhere else so it looks clean. It is not. It’s as if the California Greens are covering their
eyes — “If I can’t see it, it’s not happening.” Gasoline is an incredibly efficient way to power a
vehicle; a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in it. But when you take that gas (or another fuel) and first
use it to make electricity, you waste a nice part of that energy, mostly in the form of wasted heat —
at the generator, through the transmission lines, etc.
A gallon of gas may propel your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas
won't get you nearly as far — so electric cars burn more fuel than gas-powered ones. If our
electricity came mostly from nukes, or geothermal, or hydro, or solar, or wind, then an electric car
truly would be clean. But for political, technical, and economic reasons, we don’t use much of those
energy sources.
In addition, electric cars’ batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in
a landfill（垃圾填埋场）. And finally, when cars are the polluters, the pollution is spread across all
the roads. When it’s a power plant, though, all the junk is in one place. Nature is very good at
cleaning up when things are not too concentrated, but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in
one spot.
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1. What does “clueless” mean in paragraph 1?
A) The California Greens are covering their eyes.
B) People in California love to talk about zero-emissions vehicles
C) People in California love to have their roofs covered with solar cells
D) People there have no idea that so far electricity mainly comes from burning coal, oil, etc.
2. According to the passage, why the California Greens hold the idea “If I can’t see it, it’s not
happening.”?
A) They prefer not to realize the fact those clean cars are likely coal-burning cars.
B) They do believe that the coal is burned somewhere else so it looks clean.
C) They tend to hold that electricity is a nice part of energy.
D) They tend to maintain that gasoline is a good way to run a vehicle.
3. The electricity we get from a gallon of gas may make our car run __________.
A) not less than 25 miles.
B) more than 25 miles.
C) no less than 25 miles.
D) not more than 25 miles.
4. Compared with cars using gas, electric cars __________
A) do not burn fuel and more environmental.
B) are toxic and it is difficult for nature to clean it up when their batteries are buried in one spot.
C) are very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated
D) are poisonous for a long time and will eventually end up in a landfill.
5. It can be inferred from the passage that __________.
A) Being green is good and should be encouraged in communications
B) Electric cars are not clean in that we get electricity mainly by burning something.
C) Zero-emissions vehicles should be chosen to protect our environment.
D) Electric cars are now the dominant vehicle compared with gasoline-powered cousins.
Passage Two
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.
German Chancellor ( 首相 ) Otto Von Bismarck may be most famous for his military and
diplomatic talent, but his legacy ( 遗产 ) includes many of today's social insurance programs.
During the middle of the 19th century, Germany, along with other European nations, experienced an
unprecedented rash of workplace deaths and accidents as a result of growing industrialization.
Motivated in part by Christian compassion ( 怜悯 ) for the helpless as well as a practical political
impulse to undercut the support of the socialist labor movement, Chancellor Bismarck created the
world's first worker' s compensation law in 1884.
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By 1908, the United States was the only industrial nation in the world that lacked workers'
compensation insurance. America's injured workers could sue for damages in a court of law, but they
still faced a number of tough legal barriers. For example, employees had to prove that their injuries
directly resulted from employer negligence and that they themselves were ignorant about potential
hazards in the workplace. The first state worker's compensation law in this country passed in 1911,
and the program soon spread throughout the nation.
After World War II, benefit payments to American workers did not keep up with the cost of
living. In fact, real benefit levels were lower in the 1970s than they were in the 1940s, and in most
states the maximum benefit was below the poverty level for a family of four. In 1970, President
Richard Nixon set up a national commission to study the problems of workers' compensation. Two
years later, the commission issued 19 key recommendations, including one that called for increasing
compensation benefit levels to 100 percent of the states' average weekly wages.
In fact, the average compensation benefit in America has climbed from 55 percent of the states'
average weekly wages in 1972 to 97 percent today. But, as most studies show, every 10 percent
increase in compensation benefits results in a 5 percent increase in the numbers of workers who file
for claims. And with so much more money floating in the workers' compensation system, it's not
surprising that doctors, and lawyers have helped themselves to a large slice of the growing pie.
6. The world's first workers' compensation law was introduced by Bismarck ________.
A. for fear of losing the support of the socialist labor movement
B. out of religious and political considerations
C. to speed up the pace of industrialization
D. to make industrial production safer
7. We learn from the passage that the process of industrialization in Europe ________.
A. met growing resistance from laborers working at machines
B. resulted in the development of popular social insurance programs
C. was accompanied by an increased number of workshop accidents
D. required workers to be aware of the potential dangers at the workplace
8. One of the problems the American injured workers faced in getting compensation in the early 19th
century was that _________.
A. they had to produce evidence that their employers were responsible for the accident
B. America's average compensation benefit was much lower than the cost of living
C. different states in the U. S. had totally different compensation programs
D. they had to have the courage to sue for damages in a court of law
9. After 1972, workers' compensation insurance in the U. S. became more favorable to workers so
that _______.
A. the poverty level for a family of four went up drastically
B. more money was allocated to their compensation system
摘要：
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共11页第1页电子科技大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：244英语(二外仅日语方向)注：无机读卡，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。PartIReadingComprehension(40%)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandth...
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