电子科技大学-244英语（仅日语方向）【2014】考研真题
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电子科技大学
2014 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：244 英语(二外 仅日语方向)
注：无机读卡，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
Part I Reading Comprehension (40%)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should
decide on the best choice and then write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet
Passage One
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
Certain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment
better than others of their kind. This natural biological process is called adaptation. Among the
superior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting food or
shelter, in providing protection, and in producing and protecting the young. That results in the
evolution of more and more organisms that are better fitted to their environments.
Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way, but each is adapted especially to
its own distinct class. A plant, for example, depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb
water and inorganic chemicals. It depends upon its green leaves for using the sun's energy to make
food from inorganic chemicals. These are general adaptations, common to most plants. In addition,
there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have.
Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies. Some insects are
hidden by their body color or shape, and many look like a leaf or a little branch. The coats of deer
are colored to mix with the surroundings. Many animals have the ability to remain completely still
when an enemy is near.
Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting. They may adapt in their structure, function,
and genetics; in their development and production of the young; and in other respects. An organism
may create its own environment, as do warm-blooded mammals, which have the ability to adjust
body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather. Usually adaptations
are an advantage, but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that if
conditions change, it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions.
1. Some plants and animals develop superior characteristics so that they may
A) help others of their kind get food, shelter and other things needed.
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B) survive even in extremely severe conditions.
C) become better adapted to the environments than others of their kind.
D) result in the evolution and production of more intelligent organisms.
2. In the first paragraph, the word "environments" could best be replaced by
A) contexts.
B) surroundings.
C) neighbors.
D) enemies.
3. It can be inferred from this passage that the feathers of a bird are colored
A) to frighten its enemies.
B) to attract its enemies.
C) to adjust its body heat.
D) to match its environment
4. Which of the following is not directly mentioned in the passage?
A) A living thing may adapt in its structure.
B) An organism may adapt in its function.
C) A living creature may adapt in its genetic makeup.
D) A living organism may adapt in its sleeping habit.
5. The author cites the behavior of warm-blooded mammals in order to that a living thing may
have the ability___________.
A) to create an environment of its own.
B) to remain still when an enemy is near.
C) to make food from inorganic chemicals.
D) to change the color of its skin.
Passage Two
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.
A small piece of fish each day may keep the heart doctor away. That's the finding of an
extensive study of Dutch men in which deaths from heart disease were more than 50 percent lower
among those who consumed at least an ounce of salt water fish per day than those who never ate
fish.
The Dutch research is one of three human studies that give strong scientific backing to the
long-held belief that eating fish can provide health benefits, particularly to the heart.
Heart disease is the number-one killer in the United States, with more than 550,000 deaths
occurring from heart attacks each year. But researchers previously have noticed that the incidence of
heart disease is lower in cultures that consume more fish than Americans do. There are fewer heart
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disease deaths, for example, among the Eskimos of Greenland, who consume about 14 ounces of fish
a day, and among the Japanese, whose daily fish consumption averages more than 3 ounces.
For 20 years, the Dutch study followed 852 middle-aged men, 20 percent of whom ate no fish.
At the start of the study, the average fish consumption was about two-thirds of an ounce each day
with more men eating lean (瘦的) fish than fatty fish. During the next two decades, 78 of the men
died from heart disease. The fewest deaths were among the group who regularly ate fish, even at
levels far lower than those of the Japanese or Eskimos. This relationship was true regardless of other
factors such as age, high blood pressure, or blood cholesterol ( 胆固醇) levels.
6. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
[A] The Dutch research has proved that eating fish can help to prevent heart disease.
[B] Heart doctors won't call your house so long as you keep eating fish each day.
[C] Among all the diseases heart disease is the most dangerous in America.
[D] There is a low incidence of heart disease in such countries as Japan and Greenland.
7. The phrase "this relationship" (in Line 5, Para. 4) refers to the connection between_________
and the incidence of heart disease.
[A] the amount of fish eaten [B] regular fish-eating
[C] the kind of fish eaten [D] people of different regions
8. The passage is mainly about _________.
[A] the high incidence of heart disease in some countries
[B] the effect of fish eating on people's health
[C] the changes in people's diet
[D] the daily fish consumption of people in different cultures
9. Why is heart disease the most dangerous killer in the United States?
[A] Because American people drink too much spirits.
[B] Because there are a great number of fat people there.
[C] The author doesn't give a definite answer.
[D] Because American people eat too much fatty fish.
10. How many lives could probably be saved each year in the United States by eating fifth according
to the Dutch study?
[A] 550,000. [B] 275,000.
[C] 110,000. [D] 852.
Passage Three
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
Being assertive (果断) is being able to communicate with other people clearly. If you felt that
you had expressed what was important to you and allowed the oilier person to respond in their own
way then, regardless of the final outcome, you behaved assertively. It is important to remember that
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共12页第1页电子科技大学2014年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：244英语(二外仅日语方向)注：无机读卡，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。PartIReadingComprehension(40%)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandth...
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