山东师范大学245英语2009年考研真题
2024-01-15
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Part
1 Reading Comprehension
(30%
20
X 1.5
30)
Directions: There are 4 passages
in
this part. Each passage
is
followed by some questions or
unfinished statements. For each
of
them there are four choices marked
A,
B,
C and
D.
You
should
decide
on
the best choice
and
mark the corresponding letter
on
the Answer Sheet.
Passage 1
Questions 1-5
are
based
on
the following passage.
Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes
occur
in
the brain that allow it to act more effectively
in
cognitive (iJdJl ) areas such
as
attention and memory. This is true regardless
of
age.
People will be alert and receptive
if
they are faced with information that gets them to think
about things they are interested in. And someone with a history
of
doing more rather than less
w!l1 go into old age more cognitively sound than someone \\·ho has not had
an
actiw
mind.
Many experts are
so
convinced
of
the benefits
of
challenging the brain that they are putting I
the theory to work in their own lives. "The idea
is
not necessarily to learn to memorize enormous
amounts
of
information," says James Fozard, associate director
of
the National Institute
on
Aging.
"Most
of
us don't need that kind
of
skilL Such specific training
is
less interest than being able to
maintain mental alertness." Fozard and others say they challenge their brams with different,
mental skills, both because they enjoy them and because they are sure that their range
of
activities will help the way their brains work.
Gene Cohen, acting director
of
the same institute, suggests that people in their old age
should engage in mental and physical activities individually
as
well as
in
groups. Cohen says that
we are frequently advlsed to keep physically active as we age, but older people need to keep I
m
II}~
(ott:
I 0
:Dr
)
mentally actIve as well. Those who do are more likely to maintain their mtellectual abilities and
to
be generally happIer and better adjusted. "The point is, you need to do both," Cohen says,
"Intellectual activJty actually influences brain-cell health and size."
1.
People who are cognitively healthy are those
CD
A. who can remember large amounts
of
mformation
B. \\'ho are highly intelligent
C. \,'hose minds are alert and
D. who are good at recognizing different sounds
2. According to Fozard's argument, people can make their brains work more efficiently by
Q
A. constantly doing memory work
B. taking part in various mental activities
C.
through specific
D. making frequent adjustments
3.
The findings
of
James and other scientists
in
their work
~.
A. remain a theory to be further proved
B. have been challenged by many other experts
C.
have been generally accepted
D. are practIced by the researchers themselyes
4.
Older people are generally advised to
~.
A. keep fit by going in for physical activities
B. keep mentally active by challenging their brains
C. maintain mental alertness through specific training
D. maintain a balance between individual and group activities
5.
What
IS
the passage mainly about') @
A. How biochemical changes occur in the human brain.
B. Why people should keep active not only physically but also mentally.
C.
How intellectual activities influence brain-cell health.
D.
vVhy
people should receive special mental training as they age.
Passage 2
Questions 6-10 are based
011
the following passage.
It
is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost
of
petrol and the quick pace
of
modern life, but
manners
011
the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters
behind the wheel.
It
is
all very well, agam,
to
have a tiger
in
the tank, but to have one m the driver's I
seat
is
another matter altogether.
You
might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate
drive, but nowadays the well-men-neared motonst
is
the exception
to
the rule. Perhaps the situation
calls for a
"Be
kind to Other Drivers" campaign, othenVlse it may completely out
of
hand.
Road politeness
is
not only good manners, but good sense too,
It
takes the most cool-headed and
good-tempered
of
drivers to resist the temptation to revenge (
}[)
when subjected to unCivilized I
behavior, On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long ,vay towards relieving the tensions
of
1110tormg,
A friendly nod or a wave
of
acknowledgement
Il1
response to
an
act
of
politeness helps to
create
an
atmosphere
of
goodwill and tolerance so necessary
111
modem
tratTIc
condmons. But such
acknowledgements
of
politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays don't even seem able
to recognize politeness when they see
it.
i However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who
brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street
at
some hazard
to
following traffic, when a
Ifew seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra
crossing into the path
of
oncoming vehicles that may be unable
to
stop
in
time, The same goes for
encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to.
It
always amazes me
that the highways are not covered
WIth
the dead bodies
of
these grannies.
A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help
if
motorists leamt to filter
correctly into traffic streams one
at
a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad
temper. Unfortunately, modem motorists can't even leam to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects
of
boatman ship. Years ago the experts wamed us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot
more giYe-and-take from all road users.
It
is high tJme for all
of
us
to
take this message to hean.
6,
According to the first paragraph, which
of
the following reflects
the
situation on the roads?
(j)
A. Traffic Jams are mainly caused by the cost
of
petrol and the quick pace
of
modem
life.
B.
The manners
of
the drivers are the only reason for the
tratTIc
jams.
C.
"Be kind to other drivers"
is
a campaign to change the rude drive.
D.
People can not tolerate good manners on the road.
The author argues that road politeness
_--'...L-
__
A.
can better the traffic uncondItionally
B. calls for a driver's cool-headed and good-tempered personality
C.
can be found after the modem traffic conditions stand up
D.
are acknowledged by most drivers
8.
Which
of
the following does NOT illustrate misplaced politeness')
<i>
A,
Encouraging old ladies to cross the road at any time they want.
B. Braking suddenly to allow a car to emerge from a side street.
C.
A motorist driving into traffic streams without considering others.
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***""**lOO7t;********************************Part1ReadingComprehension(30%20X1.530)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerS...
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