杭州师范大学-243二外英语【2018】考研真题
2023-06-20
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杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命 题 纸
2018 年 考试科目代码 243 考试科目名称 二外英语 （本考试科目共 12页，第 1页）
杭 州 师 范 大 学
2018 年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题
考试科目代码： 243
考试科目名称： 二外英语
说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
Part I Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (2×10=20 points)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the
questions on the Answer Sheet.
For questions 1 - 7, mark
Y(for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N(for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 8 - 10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Airplane
Airplane Instruments
Modern airplanes are complicated machines. Pilots need many gauges(量表) and electronic aids
to help fly them. The flight deck of a large passenger plane contains many indicator dials and
warning lights. One of the most important instruments is the altimeter, which tells the pilot how high
the plane is off the ground. The air speed indicator measures the plane’s speed. The artificial horizon
shows the position of the plane relative to the horizon. The turn and back indicator shows how much,
if at all, the plane is turning and tilting. In dense clouds and fog, a pilot would not always know
which way the plane is heading if it weren’t for this instrument. A gyrocompass( 旋 转 罗 盘 )and
various radio devices are necessary for navigation.
Most large planes also have an automatic pilot. This is a device operated by a computer. It will
fly the plane without the pilots touching the controls. These autopilots can even control takeoffs and
landings. The flight deck also contains many gauges and meters that tell the pilot whether the many
pieces of equipment on the plane are operating properly. They measure fuel level, temperatures,
杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命 题 纸
2018 年 考试科目代码 243 考试科目名称 二外英语 （本考试科目共 12页，第 2页）
cabin pressure, electric current, etc. Indicators show whether the landing gear is up or down. The
radio equipment allows the pilot to talk to ground controllers and to receive navigation signals.
Airplane Construction
Early airplanes were made of wood frames covered by fabric and held in shape by wire. After
World War I, airplane designers started to use lightweight metals like aluminum, titanium, and
magnesium alloys. A thin skin of metal was riveted( 固 定 住 ) into place over metal ribs. Strong
epoxy( 环氧的) glues are now used for some joints, instead of rivets. As planes grew in size, they
became heavier. More powerful engines were developed in order to fly the heavier planes.
The use of metals brings with it a problem called metal fatigue. Stress and vibration in flight can
cause metal parts eventually to break up. Airplanes must be constantly checked for signs of this
trouble. Defective parts must be renewed by aircraft maintenance people.
Designers test scale models in wind tunnels before the full sized planes are built. Reactions of
the models to high speed air streams give good indications how full sized planes will react in flight.
This approach helps save a lot of money. It also helps to make airplanes safe.
Airport
An airport is a place where airplanes arrive and depart. Passengers leave and arrive on the
airplanes and cargo is loaded and unloaded. Large, jet powered airplanes require long runways for
takeoffs and landings. Big terminal buildings are necessary to handle thousands of passengers and
their baggage. Very large airports usually serve several large cities and cover thousands of acres.
Hundreds of planes arrive and depart daily. All this traffic must be carefully controlled to avoid
delays and accidents. This is done from a control tower. The tower stands high above the ground. Air
traffic controllers, inside the tower, must be able to guide airplanes through their takeoffs and
landings.
Large airports are often like small cities. Many have post offices, banks, hotels, restaurants, and
many kinds of shops. Airports have their own fire and police departments, fuel storage tanks, and
repair work shops. Some companies even have their shipping warehouses located at airports.
One of the largest airports in the world is in Grapevine, Texas, midway between the cities of
Dallas and Fort Worth. This airport covers 7,200 hectares (18,000 acres). Its five terminals can
handle the arrivals and departures of 90 jumbo jets at the same time. O’Hare International Airport, in
Chicago, is the busiest airport in the world. It handles more than 37 million passengers a year.
Small airports that are used only by private airplanes usually cover 20 to 40 hectares (50 to 100
acres). They do not need all the buildings and services of a large airport. The control tower may be
just a small room in a building at ground level.
Runways
Early planes were light. Early runways were sometimes just level grass fields. Paved runways
became necessary when airplanes became heavier and faster. Today’s big jet planes weigh hundreds
of tons. They move along runways at speeds of 160 kph (100 mph). When they land, the runways
take a lot of pounding and must be made of concrete or asphalt( 沥 青 ). They must have solid
foundations and a surface that prevents skidding.
杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命 题 纸
2018 年 考试科目代码 243 考试科目名称 二外英语 （本考试科目共 12页，第 3页）
Airplanes take off into the wind in order to get better lift. They also land into the wind to have
better control as they slow down. Most airports have runways pointing in different directions. This
means that there are always runways on which airplanes can go into the wind as they take off and
land.
Heavily loaded passenger jets need long runways to gather enough speed to leave the ground.
Runways at some large airports are longer than 3,000 m (10,000 ft).
At night, bright lights line the runways so that pilots can find them without trouble. A system of
flashing guide lights is set up beyond the runway to help pilots land safely.
Control Towers
People who work in control towers are called air traffic controllers. They direct the movements
of all planes on the ground and in the air by keeping track of them on large radar screens. Air traffic
controllers tell a pilot, by radio, when and where to taxi or pilot the plane down the runway.
Electronic equipment is used to guide airplanes. Long range radar is used to keep track of planes
far away from the airport. This radar is called Ground Control Approach (GCA). When the airplane
gets within a few miles of the runway, the air traffic controller begins to use Precision Approach
Radar (PAR). This allows the controller to guide the airplane to within 0.4 km (0.25mi) of the
runway. At that point, the pilot completes the landing. Another electronic aid used in bad weather is
the Instrument Landing System (ILS). In this system, radio transmitters located near the runway send
guidance signals to the airplane. These signals tell the pilot how to steer the plane for the final
approach to the runways. Today, there are also electronic “microwave” landing systems (MLS) that
can land the plane fully automatically.
Terminal Buildings
Terminal buildings vary in size and shape. Most of them are quite large. More than 228 million
people fly on the airlines in America every year. Every passenger must pass through terminals. Long,
covered walkways lead from the center of some terminals to the gates where airplanes are boarded.
At some airports, buses are used to transport passengers to their airplanes. Passengers arriving from
another country must pass through customs and passport control. Customs officials check the
incoming baggage for taxable items. They also check passengers to be sure no forbidden items are
brought into the country. Passport officials check the passports of passengers for personal
identification.
Passengers are not allowed to bring guns, knives, or other weapons onto a passenger airplane.
Before boarding, they must walk through a detector which triggers a special signal if they are
carrying anything made of metal. Luggage is also examined for weapons. This is done to ensure the
safety of the passengers.
1. The main purpose of this passage is to introduce the history of airplanes.
2. The device of an automatic pilot can usually fly a plane more smoothly than a human pilot.
3. With the help of the radio equipment, pilots are able to communicate with ground controllers.
4. We can tell from the passage that early airplanes are not as solid as modern ones.
5. According to the passage, the busiest airport in the world is in Grapevine, Texas, midway
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杭州师范大学硕士研究生入学考试命题纸2018年考试科目代码243考试科目名称二外英语（本考试科目共12页，第1页）杭州师范大学2018年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题考试科目代码：243考试科目名称：二外英语说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。PartIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(2×10=20points)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsontheAnswerSheet.Forqu...
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