杭州师范大学-718综合英语【2019】考研真题
2023-06-20
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杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 招 生 考 试 命 题 纸
杭 州 师 范 大 学
2019 年招收攻读硕士研究生考试题
考试科目代码： 718
考试科目名称： 综合英语
说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
I. Cloze（每小题 1分，共 30 分）
Fill in the blanks with a function word.
One of the greatest advances in modern technology has been the invention of computers. They
are already widely used in industry and in universities and the time may come when it will be
possible ______ (1) ordinary people to use them as well. Computers are capable of doing
extremely complicated work in all branches of learning. They can solve the most complex
mathematical problems or put thousands of unrelated facts in order. These machines can be put
______ (2) varied uses. For instance, they can provide information ______ (3) the best way
______ (4) prevent traffic accidents, or they can count the number ______ (5) times the word
'and' has been used ______ (6) the Bible. Because they work accurately and ______ (7) high
speeds, they save research workers years of hard work. This whole process ______ (8) which
machines can be used to work ______ (9) us has been called automation. In the future,
automation may enable human beings ______ (10) enjoy far more leisure than they do today. The
coming of automation is bound ______ (11) have important social consequences.
Some time ago an expert on automation, Sir Leon Bagrit, pointed out that it was a mistake to
believe that these machines could 'think'. There is no possibility that human beings will be
'controlled ______ (12) machines'. Though computers are capable of learning______ (13) their
mistakes and improving on their performance they need detailed instructions ______ (14) human
beings in order to be able to operate. They can never, as it were, lead independent lives, or 'rule
the world' ______ (15) making decisions ______ (16) their own.
Sir Leon said that in the future, computers would be developed which would be small enough
to carry ______ (17) the pocket. Ordinary people would then be able to use them to obtain
valuable information. Computers could be plugged ______ (18) a national network and ______
(19) used like radios. For instance, people going on holiday could be informed about weather
conditions; car drivers could be given alternative routes when there are traffic jams. It will also
be possible to make tiny translating machines. This will enable people who do not share a
common language to talk ______ (20) each other ______ (21) any difficulty or to read foreign
publications. It is impossible to assess the importance ______ (22) a machine of this sort, for
many international misunderstandings are caused simply through our failure ______ (23)
2019 年 考试科目代码 718 考试科目名称 综合英语 （本考试科目共 15 页，第 1 页）
杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 招 生 考 试 命 题 纸
understand each other. Computers will also be used in hospitals. ______ (24) providing a
machine ______ (25) a patient's symptoms, a doctor will be able to diagnose the nature of his
illness. Similarly, machines could be used to keep a check ______ (26) a patient's health record
and bring it up to date. Doctors will therefore have immediate access ______ (27) a great many
facts which will help them in their work. Book-keepers and accountants, too, could be
relieved______ (28) dull clerical work, for the tedious task of compiling and checking lists of
figures could be done entirely ______ (29) machines. Computers are the most efficient servants
man has ever had and there is no limit ______ (30) the way they can be used to improve our
lives.
II. Reading Comprehension（每小题 2分，共 60 分）
There are 6 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide
on the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.
Passage 1
Alan Brooker and Loren Teague are authors who have a book due out soon. You probably
won’t find their titles on the shelves of your local bookstore. Their prose is published in
computerized, digital bits. They are authors publishing e-books (short for “electronic books” or
books published only on the Internet, and not in paper form).
They’re not getting big fat advances from publishers. Not even a small cheque. Instead,
Brooker will get 35 percent of each e-book sold, and Teague will get 30 percent. That’s way
above what either could expect in royalties if their titles were published in the familiar format, as
beautifully bound bits of trees.
The usual author royalty is anyway between ten and fifteen percent of a book’s selling price.
But the large percentage royalty for an e-book will come from a much smaller price — e-books
sell online for somewhere between $2.50 and $7 a copy, compared to the bookstore retail price of
between $US 10 and $90 depending on the size and quality of the publication.
But how many e-book copies can the authors expect to sell in an electronic market which is
still in its infancy? The best-selling e-author of 1999, Leta Nolan Childers, sold just over 6,000
copies of her book The Best Laid Plans. “I’m expecting to sell more than I would in the
traditional local market, simply because the US market is so much bigger,” says Teague, whose
novel, Jagged Greenstone, was runner-up in the UK Romantic Novelists Association New
Writers Award.
Email, e-commerce, e-authors, e-books, eeeargh! The whole world is on a technological
treadmill. Surely not books? The pleasure of reading isn’t just in the way it allows escape into
other worlds. Physical books are a tactile, visual experience. There’s nothing like the anticipation
of a new book in your hands, the appeal of a cover, and the smell of ink and paper, not to mention
a small frisson of guilt at all those murdered trees. You can curl up in an armchair, or in bed, with
a good book. But surely it will not be the same with a small electronic device, even if it is the size
2019 年 考试科目代码 718 考试科目名称 综合英语 （本考试科目共 15 页，第 2 页）
杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 招 生 考 试 命 题 纸
of a paperback and the weight of a hardback, and has a small button that turns the page.
Even if you like the idea, you first have to have Softbook and the Rocket e-book — hand-
held electronic readers with high resolution screens, the ability to store several books at once, but
unless you have the small reading devices, that means reading books on a large computer screen,
and that definitely doesn’t lend itself to a late-night reading experience in bed.
So far, those are the two forums for e-publishing, a field still the focus of the technologically
infatuated. Teague still meets responses such as that of the librarian in her home town of Nelson.
“When I told her about them (e-books), she just looked at me blankly,” says Teague, laughing. Or
the response of the unnamed executive from a top publishing house who said of e-book
publishing: “Isn’t that for failed authors?”
But the Bigs are moving in. Fatbrain.com, which has partnered with Adobe, will let anyone
sell digital books on its website and is negotiating with publishers such as Macmillan and
McGraw-Hill to find new ways of packaging their titles. Best-selling authors like mystery thriller
writers Patricia Cornwell and Jonathan Kelleman are now posting electronic titles on the Internet.
The website www. originalsonline.com also displays only e-books that have never been
published in paper form.
Recently, top-selling horror story author Stephen King wrote and published his first e-book,
Riding the Bullet, a 66page “ghost-story in the grand manner”. It was published only on the
Internet on the website of American publishers Simon & Schuster who charged visitors $2.50 to
download it. In the first week, 450,000 people visited the site, before other sites copied it and
made it available without charge — it’s typical of the Internet, that something will always be
copied for free.
Computer giant Microsoft and leading US bookstore chain barnesandnoble.com now plan to
create a giant e-bookstore. Microsoft is also leading a push to standardize formats for online
books to allow them to be downloaded to any computer. Steve Riggio, vice chairman of Barnes
and Noble, can see a time in the near future when there will be an electronic version of virtually
every book in print.
For unknown authors, e-books offer a better chance to get published. Fatbrain allows any
would-be author to store a manuscript online for just $1 a month. For publishers, it could mean a
whole new headache because already established authors could cut out the middleman and
release titles straight to their audience, although there will still be a role for the publishing houses
in editing and marketing.
Small book publisher Hazard Press, however, is excited by the possibilities. Managing
director Quentin Wilson believes that it will be especially invaluable for selling the company’s
back catalogue because it won’t require a print run of thousands just a quick electronic format.
With the kind of heavyweights now backing e-publishing, it’s a matter of when, not if, the
phenomenon rolls into town. Does it mean the death of books as we now know them? What
happens when electronic readers are as cheap as dirt, or when media conglomerates give them
2019 年 考试科目代码 718 考试科目名称 综合英语 （本考试科目共 15 页，第 3 页）
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杭州师范大学硕士研究生招生考试命题纸杭州师范大学2019年招收攻读硕士研究生考试题考试科目代码：718考试科目名称：综合英语说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。I.Cloze（每小题1分，共30分）Fillintheblankswithafunctionword.Oneofthegreatestadvancesinmoderntechnologyhasbeentheinventionofcomputers.Theyarealreadywidelyusedinindustryandinuniversitiesandthetimemaycomewhenitwillbepossibl...
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