杭州师范大学-243二外英语【2013】考研真题
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杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命题 纸
2013 年 考试科目代码 243 考试科目名称 二外英语 （本考试科目共 10页，第 1页）
杭 州 师 范 大 学
2013 年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题
考试科目代码： 243
考试科目名称： 二外英语
说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
Part I Reading Comprehension（Skimming and Scanning）（20%）
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the
questions on Answer Sheet.
For questions I - 7, mark
Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N(for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG(for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 8 - 10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Learn to Behave When Lost in the Woods
Lions and tigers and bears, oh, my!
It can happen to even an Eagle Scout: The trail disappears, directions get confused, and a
sudden turn in the weather forces you away from familiar landmarks. All of a sudden, the thin chain
between you and civilization has broken. You're not just Getting Away From It All... you’re lost.
But take heart: Losing your way doesn’t have to mean losing your head. Follow the tips in this
tutorial to minimize the danger to yourself, and to keep yourself from getting even more lost. You’ll
notice that the title of this passage is not “Learn to Get Un-Lost” but “Learn to Behave When Lost
in the Woods”. The goal here is not to turn you into a wilderness orientation expert (or a survival
expert), but to make it as easy as possible for others to find you safe and sound.
“Be Prepared” is the Boy Scout motto, and if you don't believe in making some kind of
preparations, you have no business being out in the woods in the first place. Being lost doesn’t kill
people; it's the doings without (food, clothing, shelter, medical attention) that does them in.
Whether packing for an afternoon picnic or a weeklong hiking, observe the Rule of Change:
杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命题 纸
2013 年 考试科目代码 243 考试科目名称 二外英语 （本考试科目共 10页，第 2页）
Prepare not only for the weather conditions that exist when you start out, but for the weather that
weather can turn into. You don't need to take an umbrella when you’re hiking Death Valley (unless
you want some shade), but you should cram a rainhat in your pack in Yosemite, even the forecast
calls for sunshine. You don’t need a parka for that day trip, but your clothing should add up to
several layers: Put them on or peel them off as the temperature dictates.
You should always, always bring matches or a lighter. Put them in your backpack right
now—go on, we’ll wait and don't take them out when you clean out your pack (do, however, check
to make sure they’re still serviceable). Always bring more water than you expect to drink--and don’t
drink it just because you have it. If your mouth is thirsty, you can moisten it with a single mouthful;
you don’t need to chug down the bottle.
The best way to avoid getting lost is (obviously) to keep to a trail, so resist the temptation to
walk off into the virgin wild unless you know exactly what you’re doing. Besides being
environmentally unfriendly and often illegal, straying from the trail is flirting with danger. Just as
you can drown in an inch of water, you can get hopelessly lost in five minutes of pathless
wandering. There’s just one more inflexible rule: Don’t leave for the outdoors unless there’s
someone who’ ll notice you haven’t returned. You don’t have to post a formal itinerary at the
ranger’s office, but at least mention to a friend or family member where you’re going and when you
expect to be back. For the price of a phone call, you can keep getting lost from becoming a
permanent disappearance.
Step One—Don’ t Panic
First of all, get a grip on yourself. Take ten slow, deep breaths (actually count them) if you do
feel panicky. It's normal to feel scared, but keep in mind that all you’ve lost is a bit of information.
An unknown patch of forest isn’t inherently more dangerous than a known patch. It's just unknown
to you.
Begin by acknowledging that you’re lost--or if you’re with one or more other people, by gently
creating the consensus that you’re lost. Some folks tend to deny the situation, right up to the point
where they march off a cliff. Don’t let macho (or macha) attitude endanger everyone.
There are two common reactions you’ll want to avoid. One is panic, which usually triggers the
flight response in humans. Running wildly around, even for a few minutes, could get you
irretrievably lost (if not injured). The other reaction is overcompensation: Deciding that it’s time to
play Robinson Crusoe of the Redwoods and trying to build a cabin, search for food, and lay in a
cord of wood before nightfall. You may end up spending a night or so in the wild, but conserve your
energy. Tired people don’t think as well as rested ones, and they require more food and water to
keep going.
Step Two--- Judge the Situation
Now that you’re calm, collected and-not in denial, sit down and think things through. How
long have you been lost? Mentally trace your thoughts back to the last point where you definitely
杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命题 纸
2013 年 考试科目代码 243 考试科目名称 二外英语 （本考试科目共 10页，第 3页）
knew your location. How long ago was that? In what general direction have you been traveling
since then?
If you have a compass, use it now to give your directional sense some bearings: We came from
that away and that’s Northwest, but we started walking South--so the trail must have slowly
looped.., and so forth. Even if you don’t have a compass, try to approximate this kind of
location-sense while your memories are fresh. If you don't have a compass, see Step 3.
Now you have some decisions to make:
If you haven’t been lost long and seem to be in relatively safe terrain (not surrounded by
rockslides or thorn bushes, for instance), you may decide to retrace your steps. If so, skip to Step 3.
If the circumstances suggest that further wandering may be dangerous (night is falling, cliff
edges abound), then you may want to stay out and wait for rescue. If so, skip to Step 5.
Step Three - Retrace your Steps (if appropriate)
If you’ve decided to try and undo your error, then hike in the direction from which you came,
keeping careful track not only of orientation but of time. If you’ve been lost for ten minutes but a
ten-minute walk doesn’t return you to your trail, you’re just getting more lost. In such a case, pause
and return to your original location, then try again.
When retracing: Try tracking yourself. You weren’t on a trail, so you probably left tracks you
can follow in reverse. One handy trick is to frequently look over your shoulder as you’re
retracing--the idea is to recreate the view you had when you were walking there in the first place.
Looking back might refresh your memory of a particular landmark, or help you recognize familiar
terrain.
If you don’t have a compass: To be certain you won’t stray from your intended direction, line
up three landmarks in the direction you want to go, all following a straight line from your line of
sight. Then walk in a beeline (i. e., as straight as possible), keeping the landmarks in sight.
Leave a sign: As you go, it’s a good idea to leave markers, or a sign, to help potential rescuers
locate you. Ways to leave a sign include dragging a heavy stick, propping up sticks or rocks in
unnatural ways or making a flag from a stick and some trash or a cloth.
Step Four--Try to Pick up a Trail (if appropriate)
Can’t find your trail? If you’ve opted to stay mobile, you might want to pick up any old
trail...any path that probably leads to somewhere, if only to a better path. In that case:
Keep in mind that trails are usually in logical places, i.e. where the land will be more
traversable. Search next to creeks or rivers, on or below ridges, and across meadows.
Holding an eye to your present location, wander around in the immediate area, say 50
yards/meters in all directions. Like looking over your shoulder (see Step 3), the change in
perspective may jog your memory. If you’re not alone you can range even further.
Designate one person as the stay-put “anchor”, and have the others wander around within
earshot. Have the anchor shout out periodically--yelling out the time every minute on the minute is
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杭州师范大学硕士研究生入学考试命题纸2013年考试科目代码243考试科目名称二外英语（本考试科目共10页，第1页）杭州师范大学2013年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题考试科目代码：243考试科目名称：二外英语说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。PartIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（20%）Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet.ForquestionsI-7,ma...
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