杭州师范大学-243二外英语【2015】考研真题
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杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命 题 纸
2015 年 考试科目代码 243 考试科目名称 二外英语 （本考试科目共 11页，第 1页）
杭 州 师 范 大 学
2015 年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题
考试科目代码： 243
考试科目名称： 二外英语
说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
Part I Reading Comprehension（Skimming and Scanning）(2’*10=20’)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the
questions on Answer Sheet.
For questions I - 7, mark
Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N(for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG(for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 8 - 10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Dreams
Our dreams combine verbal, visual and emotional stimuli into a sometimes broken,
nonsensical but often entertaining story line. We can sometimes even solve problems in our sleep.
Or can we? Many experts disagree on exactly what the purpose of our dreams might be. Are they
strictly random brain impulses, or are our brains actually working through issues from our daily
life while we sleep -- as a sort of coping mechanism? Should we even bother to interpret our
dreams? Many say yes, that we have a great deal to learn from our dreams.
Why do we Dream?
For centuries, we’ve tried to figure out just why our brains play these nightly shows for us.
Early civilizations thought dream worlds were real, physical worlds that they could enter only
from their dream state. Researchers continue to toss around many theories about dreaming. Those
杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命 题 纸
2015 年 考试科目代码 243 考试科目名称 二外英语 （本考试科目共 11页，第 2页）
theories essentially fall into two categories:
● The idea that dreams are only physiological stimulations
● The idea that dreams are psychologically necessary
Physiological theories are based on the idea that we dream in order to exercise various neural
connections that some researchers believe affect certain types of learning. Psychological theories
are based on the idea that dreaming allows us to sort through problems, events of the day or
things that are requiring a lot of our attention. Some of these theorists think dreams might be
prophetic. Many researchers and scientists also believe that perhaps it is a combination of the two
theories.
Dreaming and the Brain
When we sleep, we go through five sleep stages. The first stage is a very light sleep from
which it is easy to wake up. The second stage moves into a slightly deeper sleep, and stages three
and four represent our deepest sleep. Our brain activity throughout these stages is gradually
slowing down so that by deep sleep, we experience nothing but delta brain waves -- the slowest
brain waves. About 90 minutes after we go to sleep and after the fourth sleep stage, we begin
REM sleep.
Rapid eye movement (REM) was discovered in 1953 by University of Chicago researchers
Eugene Aserinsky, a graduate student in physiology, and Nathaniel Kleitman, Ph.D., chair of
physiology. REM sleep is primarily characterized by movements of the eyes and is the fifth stage
of sleep.
How to Improve Your Dream Recall
It is said that five minutes after the end of a dream, we have forgotten 50 percent of the
dream’s content. Ten minutes later, we’ve forgotten 90 percent of its content. Why is that? We
don’t forget our daily actions that quickly. The fact that they are so hard to remember makes their
importance seem less.
There are many resources both on the Web and in print that will give you tips on how to
improve your recall of dreams. Those who believe we have a lot to learn about ourselves from
our dreams are big proponents of dream journals. Here are some steps you can take to increase
your dream recall:
● When you go to bed, tell yourself you will remember your dreams.
● Set your alarm to go off every hour and half so you’ll wake up around the times that you
leave REM sleep -- when you’re most likely to remember your dreams. (Or, drink a lot of water
before you go to bed to ensure you have to wake up at least once in the middle of the night!)
● Keep a pad and pencil next to your bed.
● Try to wake up slowly to remain within the “mood” of your last dream.
杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命 题 纸
2015 年 考试科目代码 243 考试科目名称 二外英语 （本考试科目共 11页，第 3页）
Common Dream Themes and Their Interpretations
● Being naked in public
Most of us have had the dream at some point that we’re at school, work or some social event,
and we suddenly realize we forgot to put on clothes! Experts say this means:
◆We’re trying to hide something (and without clothes we have a hard time doing that).
◆We’re not prepared for something, like a presentation or test (and now everyone is going to
know – we’re exposed!).
If we’re naked but no one notices, then the interpretation is that whatever we’re afraid of is
unfounded. If we don’t care that we’re naked, the interpretation is that we’re comfortable with
who we are.
● Falling
You’re falling, falling, falling... and then you wake up. This is a very common dream and is
said to symbolize insecurities and anxiety. Something in your life is essentially out of control and
there is nothing you can do to stop it. Another interpretation is that you have a sense of failure
about something. Maybe you’re not doing well in school or at work and are afraid you’re going
to be fired or expelled. Again, you feel that you can’t control the situation.
● Being chased
The ever-popular chase dream can be extremely frightening. What it usually symbolizes is
that you’re running away from your problems. What that problem is depends on who is chasing
you. It may be a problem at work, or it may be something about yourself that you know is
destructive. For example, you may be drinking too much, and your dream may be telling you that
your drinking is becoming a real problem.
● Taking an exam (or forgetting that you have one)
This is another very common dream. You suddenly realize you are supposed to be taking an
exam at that very moment. You might be running through the hallways and can’t find the
classroom. This type of dream can have several variations that have similar meanings. (Maybe
your pen won’t write, so you can’t finish writing your answers.) What experts say this may mean
is that you’re being scrutinized about something or feel you’re being tested -- maybe you’re
facing a challenge you don’t think you’re up to. You don’t feel prepared or able to hold up to the
scrutiny. It may also mean there is something you’ve neglected that you know needs your
attention.
● Flying
Many flying dreams are the result of lucid dreaming ( 清 醒梦 ). Not all flying dreams are,
however. Typically, dreaming that you are flying means you are on top of things. You are in
control of the things that matter to you. Or, maybe you’ve just gained a new perspective on
things. It may also mean you are strong willed and feel like no one and nothing can defeat you. If
you are having problems maintaining your flight, someone or something may be standing in the
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杭州师范大学硕士研究生入学考试命题纸2015年考试科目代码243考试科目名称二外英语（本考试科目共11页，第1页）杭州师范大学2015年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题考试科目代码：243考试科目名称：二外英语说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。PartIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）(2’*10=20’)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet.Forquestions...
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