电子科技大学2014年288专业课考研真题
2024-02-11
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电子科技大学
2014 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：288 单独考试英语
注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
I. Reading Comprehension (40 points)
Directions: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each one by
choosing A) B) C) D) Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET
。
Passage 1
Nearly everyone in Britain would like to own their own home and, whether they do or not, they
are prepared to put time and money into decorating and furnishing it or even making structural
alterations to it. Because of the climate and because of the expense involved in going out for the
evening, the British spend a lot of time at home and a large part of their social life takes place there.
Young people tend to stay with their families longer these days as accommodation is expensive
but, when they move away to a job or college, there are various options open to them. They can get
lodgings with a landlady. This means that they rent a room in someone’s house and have breakfast
with the family. They can also get a bed-sitting room, that is to say, one self-contained room in
which they can cook, live and sleep. Alternatively, they can share a rented flat or house with a group
of young people, perhaps the most popular option of all.
When young people get married or have steady income, they often buy a house. They do this by
taking out a mortgage with a building society or banks. They are the official owners and mortgage is
a financial loan for anything up to 100% of the value of the house repayable over twenty to forty
years. People can find it difficult to repay their mortgage, but at least they know that in the end the
house will be theirs.
If people cannot afford to buy their own house, they can rent property from a private landlord,
as do 10% of the population, or from their local council. Council housing is very cheap to rent in
comparison with any other type of accommodation and so a lot of people want to live in it. Waiting
lists are long because there are just not enough council houses these days to meet the growing need.
Unfortunately, homelessness is an increasingly serious problem all over Britain. It affects all
ages: single people, couples with children, even old-age pensioners. In 1984, for example, 83,190
households, a term that covers families and single people, were officially listed as homeless. This is
the tip of the iceberg. In one year, 170,190 households applied to be put on the list, but thousands
were turned down although they were probably living in overcrowded conditions or in housing that
badly needed repairing and improving.
1. Why do the British spend a lot of time at home?
A) Because the expense for going out is huge.
B) Because the climate is not very favorable,
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C) Because they do not like going out.
D) Both A) and B).
2. Young people have the choices in renting a room before they get married except that ______.
A) they can rent a flat or a house with others
B) they can rent a room from a landlady and eat breakfast with the family
C) they can rent a room where they can sleep, cook and meet their guest
D) many of them afford to rent a very large flat or house alone
3. Why do people have to wait very long for the council house?
A) Because the council houses ask for high rent and people have to save for them.
B) Because people have to apply for mortgage for such a house.
C) Because there are more people in need and fewer houses available.
D) Because the council has to spend a long time deciding who should rent the house.
4. According to the passage, who meet with housing problem in Britain?
A) Only young people. B) Only old people.
C) People of different ages. D) Only couples with children.
5. The sentence “This is the tip of the iceberg” probably means _____.
A) this is only a small problem
B) there are only a small number of homeless people
C) this number is small
D) there are actually more homeless people than officially listed
Passage 2
Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” that both to the general public and to the
sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relationships, loosened their
responsibilities to kin and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with
passing acquaintances. However, in recent years, a growing body of research has revealed that the
“obvious” is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a small proportion
of your neighbors than you do if you live in a smaller community. But for the most part, this fact has
few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors
you will know no one else.
Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small private social worlds.
Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less
urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than big-city residents. Yet city
dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities.
Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town
and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of
stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of small communities. However,
city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.
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These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are
strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next
door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a
link between a community’s population size and its social heterogeneity. For instance, sociologists
have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behaviors, including
gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are, also more likely than their small-town counterparts to
have a cosmopolitan outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for
leftist political candidates and to be more tolerant to non-traditional religious groups, unpopular
political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual
behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.
6. Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph?
A) Two contrasting views are presented.
B) An argument and possible solutions are given.
C) Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time.
D) A detailed description of the difference between urban and small-town life is given.
7. According to the passage, it was a common belief that urban residents ______.
A) did not have the same interest with their neighbors
B) could not develop long-standing relationships
C) tended to be associated with bad behaviors
D) usually had more friends
8. One of the consequences of urban life is that impersonal relationship among neighbors ______.
A) disrupt people’s natural relationships
B) make them worry about crime
C) cause them not to show concern for one another
D) cause them to be suspicious of each other
9. It can be inferred from the passage that the bigger a community is _____.
A) the higher its quality of life
B) the more similar its interests
C) the more tolerant and open-minded it is
D) the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress
10. What is the passage mainly about?
A) Similarities in the interpersonal relationships between urbanites and small-town dwellers.
B) Advantages of living in big cities as compared with living in small towns.
C) The positive role that urbanism plays in modern life.
D) The strong feeling of alienation of city inhabitants.
Passage 3
摘要：
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第1页共10页电子科技大学2014年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：288单独考试英语注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。I.ReadingComprehension(40points)Directions:Readthefollowingfourpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachonebychoosingA)B)C)D)MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET。Passage1NearlyeveryoneinBritainwouldliketoowntheirownhomeand,whethertheyd...
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